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Some Problems of the Job Market Bulgaria and their Influence over the Demographic Situation

In this article there are reviewed problems related to the job market Bulgaria during the transition period. The job market Bulgaria is regarded as an exchenge of labor or labor force against goods and values characterized by mutual reward between equivalent partners and also partners of equal rights. On the grounds of official statistics of the National Insurance Institute concerning the number of the insured persons and the information from the empirical sociological enquiry named “Work Time, Labor Conditions, Demographic Behavior” conducted by the Center of Population Studies and the Employment Agency we arrive at the conclusion that "“job market Bulgaria” in the stated sense of the word does not exist in reality. As a result of the great disequilibrium between labor force demand and supply, inequality between the two partners arrive at equality at the job market. This influences the wages, the labor conditions, the social and medical insurance, etc.
The unfavorable conditions at the job market Bulgaria in influence the demographic situation in Bulgaria. This situation influences not only the reproductive values of the Bulgarian population, but also over the opportunities for high quality reproduction of the population.

Job market Bulgaria has been recently witnessing an interesting phenomenon: the question of “How to find a job at all?” has been replaced by another one - “Which is the most suitable job for me and how to find it?”.

To explain that we should point out that there is a strong connection between the country’s economic growth and revival of traditions in professional orientation in the educational system, as well as the flourishing of the idea that career development is a lifetime project. We should add to these factors funding received from European and other international programs aiming to built up sustainable mechanisms for effective functioning of the job market Bulgaria. For example the Active Services for the Labor Market Program (ASLM) is part of the Project Social Investment and Encouragement of Employment, for which the Bulgarian government received in 2003 funding amounting to 50 million Euros from the World Bank. The program’s purpose is to help society to enlarge and take full advantage of its human capital during the period of economic growth and changing conditions of the job market Bulgaria.

People from all ages, regardless of their social and economic status, need to be trained and guided through the process of defining their wishes and capabilities on the one hand, on the job market’s trends and opportunities on the other, and on planning and developing their careers.

In 2001, 70 254 300 BGL (31 799 508 EUR) (37.3%) was spent for active job market policy, and 227 683 700 BGL (103 057 448 EUR) (62.7%) for passive measures. Clearly, the training of unemployed people in Bulgaria is not a central job market measure, because most of the available funding is spent on passive measures.

Given the present economic situation in Bulgaria, it will be difficult to keep up the momentum VET and job market Bulgaria reform.

Issues and barriers in VET and adult education

1) Sharp decline in numbers of young people entering the job market Bulgaria. The (re-)training of adults will need to become a priority for VET institutions. Special training programmes for young unemployed are also lacking.

2) Skills provided by VET schools rarely meet the needs of the job market Bulgaria.

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